Biochemistry Major
Biochemistry is the study of how all living organisms make and use diverse building blocks - proteins, nucleic acids, lipids, and carbohydrates - i.e. life at the molecular level. The study of these processes spans both biology and chemistry to study how energy is used and transformed in living systems; how macromolecular structure determines function and regulation; and how information storage and flow are dynamic and interactive.
Starting Fall 2026, the new Biochemistry Major will be jointly offered by the Biology and Chemistry Departments. The major reflects the importance of both disciplines in modern biochemistry. From core courses to electives, the major showcases the breadth and depth of the field and is intended for students considering multiple career paths from research to medicine.
*The Bulletin entry for the Academic Year 2026-2027 is currently being constructed, the link will be published to this page upon completion.
The foundational requirements of the biochemistry major are comparable to those of the biology and chemistry majors, including introductory biology with lab, general chemistry & general chemistry lab, organic chemistry & organic chemistry lab, calculus, and physics & physics lab.
| Course Number | Course Title | Credit, Semester |
|---|---|---|
Biol2960
| Principles of Biology I
| 4, SP/SU
|
Biol2970
| Principles of Biology II
| 4, FL/SU
|
Chem1601/1701
| Principles of General Chemistry I/ General Chemistry I
| 3, FL/SU1601
|
Chem1602/1702
| Principles of General Chemistry II/General Chemistry II
| 3, SP/SU1602
|
Chem1751
| General Chemistry Lab I
| 2, FL/SU
|
Chem1752
| General Chemistry Lab II
| 2, SP/SU
|
Chem2501/2551
| Organic Chemistry I
| 3+1, FL/SU
|
Chem2502/2552
| Organic Chemistry II
| 3+1, SP/SU
|
Math1510
| Calculus I
| 3, FL/SP/SU
|
Math1520
| Calculus II
| 3, FL/SP/SU
|
Phys1740/1741
| Physics I and Lab
| 3+1, FL/SU
|
Phys1742/1743
| Physics II and Lab
| 3+1, SP/SU
|
Biochemistry majors must also complete a math/data science course
| Math & data science core requirements | ||
|---|---|---|
| Course Number | Course Title | Credit, Semester |
| *Select from one of the following | ||
| CSE2107 | Introduction to Data Science | 3, FL/SP |
| CSE2400 | Logic and Discrete Mathematics | 3, FL/SP |
| Math2130 or Math 2802 | Calculus III or Honors Math II | 3, FL/SP/SU or 4, SP |
| SDS2020 | Elementary Probability & Statistics | 3, FL/SP/SU |
| SDS3020 | Elementary/Intermediate Statistics & Data Analysis (3, FL/SP) | 3, FL/SP |
| SDS3110 | Biostatistics | 3, SP |
Biochemistry majors also complete a set of core courses in biology, chemistry, and biochemistry. For the biochemistry major, students must complete a minimum of 24 units of upper-level (3000+) courses, as specified below. WI courses are offered in the Chemistry and Biology Departments, which can be used to satisfy the A&S WI course requirement, but students can complete this requirement with any A&S WI course.
Biology core requirement
| ||
|---|---|---|
Course Number
| Course Title
| Credit, Semester
|
| *Select from one of the following | ||
Biol3057
| Physiological Control Systems
| 3, SP
|
Biol3340
| Cell Biology
| 3, SP
|
Biol3490
| Fundamentals of Microbiology
| 4, SP
|
Chemistry and biochemistry core requirements
| ||
|---|---|---|
Course Number
| Course Title
| Credit, Semester
|
| *All three courses are required | ||
Chem40901
| Physical Chemistry for Life Sciences
| 3, SP
|
Chem4810
| General Biochemistry I
| 3, FL
|
Chem4820
| General Biochemistry II
| 3, SP
|
NOTES: 1Chem4020: Physical Chemistry II can be used instead of Chem4090 with Chem4010: Physical Chemistry I counting as an advanced elective. The Physical Chemistry courses must be taken in residence. Math 2130: Calc III is a pre-requisite for Chem4010.
| Advanced Lab Requirement | ||
|---|---|---|
| Course Number | Course Title | Credit, Semester |
| *Select from one of the following | ||
| Biol3492 | Lab Experiments with Eukaryotic Microbes (WI) | 3, SP odd yrs |
| Biol3493 | Bacterial Bioprospecting and Biotechnology | 3, FL |
| Biol4220 | Practical Bioinformatics | 4, FL |
| Biol4346 | Next-Generation Genetics | 3, SP |
| Biol4342/4343 | Research Exploration in Genomics (4343, WI) | 4, FL |
| Biol4522 | Laboratory in Protein Analysis | 3, SP |
| Biol4523 | Molecular Methods in Enzyme Analysis | 4, FL |
| Biol4525 | Structural Bioinformatics of Proteins (WI) | 4, FL/SP |
| Chem4035 | Nuclear and Radiochemistry Lab | 3, FL |
| Chem4079 | Instrumental Methods: Physical Chemistry Lab (WI) | 3, SP |
| Chem4559 | Advanced Organic Chemistry Lab (WI) | 4, FL |
| Chem4570/4579 | Polymer Synthesis Lab (4579, WI) | 3, SP |
| Chem4760/4679 | Inorganic Chemistry Lab (4679, WI) | 3, SP |
| Chem4851 | Biological Chemistry Lab | 4, FL |
| Phys3324 | Biophysics Lab | 4, FL |
| Advanced electives and independent study | ||
|---|---|---|
| Course Number | Course Title | Credit, Semester |
| The listings below are recommended elective courses. Students taking more than one of the biology core requirements may use the extra course(s) to count toward the 9 units of advanced electives. Students taking CSE2107, CSE 2400, Math 2130, Math 2802, or SDS 2020 to satisfy their Math and Data Science requirement may use SDS 3020 and/or SDS 3110 to count toward the 9 units of advanced electives. Any 3000+ level course in biology or chemistry may be applied if appropriate and with approval of the major advisor in consultation with the DUS. Biol 4060 and 4510 are specifically excluded from the advanced electives that count toward the Biochemistry Major. | ||
| *Select a minimum of 9 units | ||
| Biol3151 | Endocrinology | 3, SP |
| Biol3481 | Parasitology | 3, FL |
| Biol4026 | How Plants Work | 3, FL odd yrs |
| Biol4240 | Immunology | 4, SP |
| Biol4242 | Virology | 3, FL |
| Biol4345 | Epigenetics | 3, FL |
| Biol4715 | Basic Cancer Biology | 3, FL |
| Biol4716 | Advanced Cancer Biology | 3, SP |
| Biol4834 | Bioenergy | 2, SP |
| Chem4010 | Physical Chemistry I | 3, FL |
| Chem4050 | Computational Problem Solving in Chemical Sciences (3, FL) | 3, FL |
| Chem4610 | Inorganic Chemistry | 3, FL |
| Chem4821 | Chemical Biology | 3, FL |
| Chem4830/4839 WI | Bioorganic Chemistry | 3, FL |
| Chem4831 | Nucleic Acids | 3, SP |
| Chem4833 | Protein Biochemistry | 3, SP |
| Chem4842 | Modern Medicinal Chemistry | 3, FL |
Biol495X/Chem4900/ Chem49501 | Independent Research | Up to 6 units |
NOTES: 1Current biology and chemistry undergraduate research courses are listed and can be used for the major; however, a future course (Biochem495X: Independent Biochemistry Research) will be established for the major.
Biochemistry majors (like all biology and chemistry majors) are encouraged to participate in research during the academic year. The Independent Research options are for students conducting research in a faculty lab on either the Danforth or Medical School campuses. Up to 6 units count toward advanced electives, as well as for Latin and/or Biochemistry Program Honors. Many students also receive support for summer research through multiple internal undergraduate research fellowships. As noted, above a new independent study course Biochem4950 will become the independent study course for the major.
To qualify for Latin Honors through the biochemistry major, a student must meet the following requirements. For requirements 1-2, only courses taken at Washington University are considered.
- Maintain a 3.30 GPA in all biology and chemistry, foundational, and math coursework.
- Overall 3.65 GPA average
- Completion of at least six units of independent research
For Biochemistry Program Honors, a student will complete the above Latin Honors requirements AND a Research Capstone (the Biochemistry Capstone is TBD). Initially, the capstone will be defined as follows:
- A paper written in the style of a scientific article for a professional journal (i.e., senior thesis for Bio495X) OR a research presentation to an undergraduate thesis committee (Chem4950)
- Presentation of undergraduate research in the form of either a poster or short talk at the OUR Undergraduate Research Symposium (or an external meeting/conference).
- Mentor's letter certifying acceptability of the thesis/CHEM 4950 and student symposium presentation.
Although student declaration of major and assignment of major advisors will be managed by the Chemistry Department, faculty advisors from both departments support the joint major. Students will be assigned (or can request) one of the following advisors:
Biology: April Bednarski, Wilhelm Cruz, Ram Dixit, Joseph Jez, Barbara Kunkel, Himadri Pakrasi, Anthony Smith, Craig Smith, Jennifer Wang, Corey Westfall, Hani Zaher, Xuehua Zhong.
Chemistry: Jen Heemstra, John Heemstra, Meredith Jackrel, Yusuke Okuno, Gary Patti, Courtney Reichhardt, Bill Spees, Tim Wencewicz., Yan Yu.
1) I have not declared any major and would like to become a biochemistry major, what should I do? Do I need to wait until Fall 2026 to declare the major?
All students need to wait until FL26 to declare the new biochemistry major. As you need to declare a major as the February deadline approaches, you should identify a 'current' major and specialization in either biology or chemistry. THEN in FL26, switch into the new biochemistry major. NOTE: you will be assigned an advisor in either major and that faculty member will remain your major advisor in the biochemistry major.
2) I am currently a biology/chemistry major with a biochemistry specialization, do I need to declare the new major?
You do not need to declare the new major. You can finish the current curriculum. However, depending on how far along you are in the current curriculum, you can switch into the new biochemistry major in FL26 if you choose to. NOTE: your current major advisor will become your biochemistry major advisor.
3) Can I switch out of the new biochemistry major into another major?
Yes. Because the structure of the biochemistry major is similar to that of the biology and chemistry majors, it is possible to change between the three options. However, depending on progress and the timing of a change, be sure to consult with your major advisor for best options.
4) Will I be able to pursue minors (such as Bioinformatics) that the biology and/or chemistry majors do not allow?
Yes, because the new major is separate from the biology and chemistry majors; this allows biochemistry majors greater flexibility. Remember that courses for a minor do not count toward a major (and vice versa).
5) Can I use Study Abroad courses to satisfy requirements of the biochemistry major?
Yes. Current study abroad programs for both biology and chemistry can provide options to satisfy requirements for the biochemistry major. It is strongly advised to consult with advisors and/or DUS as soon as possible to discuss study abroad plans.
Chemistry Major
We provide you with the foundation to pursue a variety of careers in scientific research and discovery, education, medicine, engineering, or careers outside of chemistry.
Foundations | ||
|---|---|---|
| Course Number | Course Title | Credit(s) |
| Chem 1701 or Chem 1601* | General Chemistry I or Principles of General Chemistry I | 3 |
| Chem 1702 or Chem 1602* | General Chemistry II or Principles of General Chemistry II | 3 |
| Chem 1751 | General Chemistry Lab I | 2 |
| Chem 1752 | General Chemistry Lab II | 2 |
| Chem 2501 | Organic Chemistry I | 3 |
| Chem 2551 | Organic Chemistry Lab I | 1 |
| Chem 2502 | Organic Chemistry II | 3 |
| Chem 2552 | Organic Chemistry Lab II | 1 |
| Math 1510** | Calculus I | 3 |
| Math 1520** | Calculus II | 3 |
| Math 2130** | Calculus III | 3 |
| Phys 1740 and 1741*** | Physics I and Lab | 3+1, FL/SU |
| Phys 1742 and 1743*** | Physics II and Lab | 3+1, SP/SU |
*Students taking Chem 1601 and/or Chem 1602 should consult with the Chemistry Director of Undergraduate Studies (Prof. Richard Mabbs, mabbs@wustl.edu)
**Math 2801 Honors Mathematics I may replace both Math 1510 Calculus I and Math 1520 Calculus II. Math 2802 Honors Mathematics II may replace Math 2130 Calculus III.
*** Physics 1760 Focused Physics I may replace Physics 1740 Physics I, Physics 1762 Focused Physics II may replace Physics 1742 Physics II
| Core Requirements | ||
|---|---|---|
| Course Number | Course Title | Credit(s) |
| *Students must take all of the following | ||
| Chem 4010 | Physical Chemistry I | 3 |
| Chem 4020 | Physical Chemistry II | 3 |
| Chem 4610 | Inorganic Chemistry | 3 |
| Advanced lab requirements | ||
|---|---|---|
| Course Number | Course Title | Credit(s) |
| *Students must take one of the following (Note neither CHEM 4900 nor CHEM 4950 cannot be used to satisfy the advanced laboratory requirement) | ||
| Chem 4559 | Advance Organic Lab (WI) | 4 |
| Chem 4035 | Nuclear and RadioChem Lab | 3 |
| Chem 4079 | Instrumental Methods: Physical Chemistry Lab (WI) | 3 |
| Chem 4570/4579 | Polymer Synthesis Lab/ Polymer Synthesis Lab(WI) | 3 |
| Chem 4670/4679 | Inorganic Chemistry Lab/ Inorganic Chemistry Lab (WI) | 3 |
| Chem 4851 | Biological Chemistry Lab | 4 |
| Advanced Elective Requirements |
|---|
| Students must take 6 units of advanced electives at the Chem 4000 or greater level with the specific exceptions of Chem 4900 and Chem 4950. Biol 4510 may be used toward the 6 units of advanced level electives, but not in combination with either Chem 4810 nor Chem 4820. Undergraduate students wishing to take a Chem 5000 or greater level course should verify with their advisor that the course will count toward the advanced elective requirements. |
Students have the advantage of planning their course program with their adviser in accordance with personal interests. Some graduate courses also are available to seniors. All chemistry coursework must be taken in residence at Washington University to be eligible to earn a chemistry major. A minimum grade of C- must be earned in each course to count toward the chemistry major.
Note: Per the College of Arts & Sciences guidelines, if a student has a major and a minor or has two minors, only introductory (1000- and 2000-level) courses may be counted, when relevant, toward the requirements of both programs. All advanced (3000- and 4000-level) courses must be unique to each program, i.e. no advanced course may “double-count” for the coursework needed to fulfill either program’s minimal requirements. Should a student’s major/minor programs require the same course, a departmentally sanctioned elective must be chosen to replace the course in one of the programs.
In an effort to develop an annual program evaluation in cooperation with the Higher Learning Commission, the Chemistry Department offers an exit interview and an exit exam to all graduating seniors. All graduating majors are required to sit for the exam, the ACS Diagnostic of Undergraduate Knowledge in Chemistry exam. It takes one hour and includes questions with multiple choice answers. The performance on this exam does not affect the student’s transcript of GPA. The exam is tentatively scheduled for the week of Commencement each Spring.
Chemistry Major: Biochemistry Concentration
| Course Number | Course Title | Credit(s) |
|---|---|---|
| Chem 1701 or Chem 1601* | General Chemistry I or Principles of General Chemistry I | 3 |
| Chem 1702 or Chem 1602* | General Chemistry II or Principles of General Chemistry II | 3 |
| Chem 1751 | General Chemistry Lab I | 2 |
| Chem 1752 | General Chemistry Lab II | 2 |
| Chem 2501 | Organic Chemistry I | 3 |
| Chem 2551 | Organic Chemistry Lab I | 1 |
| Chem 2502 | Organic Chemistry II | 3 |
| Chem 2552 | Organic Chemistry Lab II | 1 |
| Chem 4010 | Physical Chemistry I | 3 |
| Chem 4020 | Physical Chemistry II | 3 |
| Chem 4610 | Inorganic Chemistry | 3 |
| Chem 4810 | General Biochemistry I | 3 |
| Chem 4820 | General Biochemistry II | 3 |
| Math 1510** | Calculus I | 3 |
| Math 1520** | Calculus II | 3 |
| Math 2130** | Calculus III | 3 |
| Phys 1740 and 1741*** | Physics I and Lab | 3+1 |
| Phys 1742 and 1743*** | Physics II and Lab | 3+1 |
| Biol 2960 | Principles of Biology I | 4 |
| Biol 2970 | Principles of Biology II | 4 |
*Students taking Chem 1601 and/or Chem 1602 should consult with the Chemistry Director of Undergraduate Studies (Prof. Richard Mabbs, mabbs@wustl.edu)
**Math 2801 Honors Mathematics I may replace both Math 1510 Calculus I and Math 1520 Calculus II. Math 2802 Honors Mathematics II may replace Math 2130 Calculus III.
*** Physics 1760 Focused Physics I may replace Physics 1740 Physics I, Physics 1762 Focused Physics II may replace Physics 1742 Physics II
| Advanced lab requirements | ||
|---|---|---|
| Course Number | Course Title | Credit(s) |
| Students must take one of the following. (Note neither CHEM 4900 nor CHEM 4950 can be used to satisfy the advanced laboratory requirement) | ||
| Chem 4559 | Advance Organic Lab (WI) | 4 |
| Chem 4035 | Nuclear and RadioChem Lab | 3 |
| Chem 4079 | Instrumental Methods: Physical Chemistry Lab (WI) | 3 |
| Chem 4570/4579 | Polymer Synthesis Lab/ Polymer Synthesis Lab(WI) | 3 |
| Chem 4670/4679 | Inorganic Chemistry Lab/ Inorganic Chemistry Lab (WI) | 3 |
| Chem 4851 | Biological Chemistry Lab | 4 |
| Biol 4522 | Laboratory in Protein Analysis, Proteomics and Protein Structure | 3 |
| Biol 4523 | Molecular Methods in Enzyme Analysis | 4 |
All chemistry course work must be taken in residence at Washington University to be eligible to earn a chemistry major. A minimum grade of C- must be earned in each course to count toward the chemistry major.
Note: Per the College of Arts & Sciences guidelines, if a student has a major and a minor or has two minors, only introductory (1000- and 2000-level) courses may be counted, when relevant, toward the requirements of both programs. All advanced (3000- and 4000-level) courses must be unique to each program, i.e. no advanced course may “double-count” for the coursework needed to fulfill either program’s minimal requirements. Should a student’s major/minor programs require the same course, a departmentally sanctioned elective must be chosen to replace the course in one of the programs.
In an effort to develop an annual program evaluation in cooperation with the Higher Learning Commission, the Chemistry Department offers an exit interview and an exit exam to all graduating seniors. All graduating majors are required to sit for the exam, the ACS Diagnostic of Undergraduate Knowledge in Chemistry exam. It takes one hour and includes questions with multiple choice answers. The performance on this exam does not affect the student’s transcript of GPA. The exam is tentatively scheduled for the week of Commencement each Spring.
Honors
Latin Honors are determined on the basis of a student’s performance through eight semesters in college. To be eligible for Latin Honors, the student must have maintained a 3.65 GPA and must complete the Latin Honors curriculum in Chemistry.
The Latin Honors Curriculum for the Regular Chemistry major requires the completion of a second advanced chemistry lab. There are three pools of laboratories, students must choose a lab from two of the three pools. Physical Lab Pool (Chem 4035, Chem 4079). Synthetic Chemistry Lab Pool (Chem 4559, Chem 4670/4679, Chem 4570/4579), Biochemistry lab pool (Chem 4851, Biol 4522, Biol 4523).
The Latin Honors Curriculum for Chemistry: Biochemistry Concentration majors requires completion of an additional 3 units of advanced biochemistry or biological chemistry course credit. Courses may be chosen from the following list: Biol 3340, Biol 3490, Chem 4090, Chem 4830/4839, Chem 4821, Chem 4831, Chem 4833, Chem 4842, Chem 5841, or a second advanced laboratory from Chem 4559, Chem 4035, Chem 4079, Chem 4670/4679, Chem 4570/4579, Chem 4851, Biol 4522, or Biol 4523.
Departmental or “English” honors are awarded by the Chemistry Department for the successful completion of a rigorous program of study in Chemistry, which emphasizes research as an important part of Chemistry education.
To earn Chemistry Department honors, a student must first complete the Latin Honors Curriculum and must also achieve the following:
| Department Honor | Chemistry GPA Requirement | Research Requirement |
|---|---|---|
| With distinction | 3.50 | At least 3 unites of Chem 4900 research* |
| With high distinction | 3.65 | At least 3 units of Chem 4900 Research* and Chem 4950 |
| With highest distinction | 3.80 | At least 3 units of Chem 4900 Research* and Chem 4950 |
*for students with alternate research experiences, petitions will be considered Chemistry research is defined as a research project performed under the direction of a Chemistry faculty member or a research project approved by the Chemistry Undergraduate Work Committee. The Chemistry GPA is calculated from the grades received in Chemistry courses and Chemistry prerequisites (including lower-level Chemistry courses, Math, Physics, and Biology (if pursuing the Biochemistry Focused major). The level of Department Honors a student achieves will appear on the student’s final transcript.
Chemistry Minor
A student planning to complete a minor in Chemistry must take the following foundations
| Foundations | ||
|---|---|---|
| Course Number | Course Title | Credit(s) |
| Chem 1701 or Chem 1601* | General Chemistry I or Principles of General Chemistry I | 3 |
| Chem 1702 or Chem 1602* | General Chemistry II or Principles of General Chemistry II | 3 |
| Chem 1751 | General Chemistry Lab I | 2 |
| Chem 1752 | General Chemistry Lab II | 2 |
| Chem 2501 | Organic Chemistry I | 3 |
| Chem 2551 | Organic Chemistry Lab I | 1 |
| Chem 2502 | Organic Chemistry II | 3 |
| Chem 2552 | Organic Chemistry Lab II | 1 |
| Math 1510** | Calculus I | 3 |
| Math 1520** | Calculus II | 3 |
| Phys 1740 and 1741*** | Physics I and Lab | 3+1 |
| Phys 1742 and 1743*** | Physics II and Lab | 3+1 |
* Students taking Chem 1601 and/or Chem 1602 should consult with the Chemistry Director of Undergraduate Studies (Prof. Richard Mabbs, mabbs@wustl.edu)
** Math 2801 can replace both Math 1510 and 1520
*** Phys 1760 can replace Phys 1740
**** Phys 1762 can replace Phys 1742
| Upper-level courses |
|---|
| *Nine units of Chemistry encompassing at least two sub-disciplines are required at the advanced (Chem 3000+ level). Biol 4510 may be used for 4 of these elective units but cannot be counted along with Chem 4810 or Chem 4820. Chem 4900 and Chem 4950 are specifically excluded from the minor. |